From flower to fruit – pollination, fertilization & fruit development
Whether red, blue, or white, especially in spring you'll encounter flowering plants everywhere in nature. All plants that produce flowers are called flowering plants. So not only flowers, but also, for example, fruit trees and tomato plants are flowering plants. All flowering plants share the same basic structure. They consist of an underground root and a shoot above ground with leaves and flowers. This text takes a closer look at the flower and explains how fruits and seeds develop from flowers.
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IN THIS VIDEO WE SHOW:
▸From Blossom to Fruit – Biology
▸The Blossom – Definition
▸Structure of Flowers
▸From Blossom to Fruit – Simply Explained
▸Pollination
▸Fertilization
▸Fruit Development
Pollination:
Cherry blossoms have both male reproductive organs, the stamens, and female reproductive organs, the carpels. These plants are called hermaphroditic because they have the reproductive organs of both sexes on one flower.
The carpels are fused together and are called pistils. The stamens contain pollen in their anthers; you might know this as pollen.
When a bee visits the blossom, the pollen sticks to its body. When the bee visits another blossom, some of the pollen from the first blossom is transferred to the stigma of the pistil. This process is called pollination. In other plants, wind or other insects can also perform this task.
Fertilization:
How does a pollinated cherry blossom develop into a ripe cherry? After pollination, the pollen from one cherry blossom lands on the stigma of another. The pollen grains then form pollen tubes, which migrate through the stigma into the style of the pistil. The male gametes are located within the pollen tubes. The pollen tube that migrates fastest enters the ovule of the ovary. This contains the female gamete: the egg cell.
Inside the ovule, the pollen tube opens and releases a male gamete. The nuclei of the two gametes fuse together. This is called fertilization.
Fruit Development:
After fertilization, all parts of the flower wither except for the ovary. The ovary increases in size and develops into the juicy, red cherry. The outer layer of the ovary develops into the red skin of the cherry, the juicy flesh beneath it, and the hard inner shell, also known as the cherry pit. Inside the pit is the actual seed, from which a new plant can develop.
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