Trans World Airlines | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_W...
00:02:41 1 History
00:02:50 1.1 1930s
00:02:59 1.1.1 Founding: TWA
00:04:31 1.1.2 DC-1, DC-2 and DC-3
00:07:11 1.1.3 Airmail and Hughes
00:09:38 1.2 1940s
00:09:47 1.2.1 World War II
00:10:52 1.2.2 Post-war: The Trans World Airline
00:12:30 1.2.3 Falling out between Hughes and Frye
00:15:22 1.3 1950s: Trans World Airlines
00:19:48 1.4 1960s
00:20:12 1.4.1 Charles C. Tillinghast Jr.
00:24:01 1.4.2 Revolutionary airport design
00:25:00 1.4.2.1 John F. Kennedy International Airport
00:25:59 1.4.2.2 Kansas City International Airport
00:27:12 1.4.3 All-jet fleet
00:29:31 1.5 1970s
00:30:54 1.6 1980s
00:35:44 1.7 1990s
00:36:10 1.7.1 1992 bankruptcy
00:38:31 1.7.2 1995 bankruptcy
00:41:52 1.7.3 Short turn-around
00:44:50 1.8 2000s
00:45:13 1.8.1 Acquisition by American Airlines
00:48:47 2 Ongoing heritage
00:50:16 3 Destinations
00:51:00 4 Accidents and incidents
00:53:01 4.1 Terrorist target
00:57:12 4.2 TWA Flight 800
00:58:19 5 Fleet
00:58:28 5.1 Fleet in 2001
00:58:47 5.2 Retired fleet
00:59:19 5.3 Fleet in 1970
00:59:29 6 Crew bases
01:00:20 7 Ambassadors Club
01:00:49 7.1 Clubs in North America open on December 1, 2001
01:01:56 7.2 Clubs in North America and the Caribbean closed prior to dissolution
01:03:19 7.3 Clubs in Europe closed prior to dissolution
01:03:59 8 See also
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SUMMARY
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Trans World Airlines (TWA) was a major American airline that existed from 1930 until 2001. It was formed as Transcontinental & Western Air to operate a route from New York City to Los Angeles via St. Louis, Kansas City, and other stops, with Ford Trimotors. With American, United, and Eastern, it was one of the "Big Four" domestic airlines in the United States formed by the Spoils Conference of 1930.Howard Hughes acquired control of TWA in 1939, and after World War II led the expansion of the airline to serve Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, making TWA a second unofficial flag carrier of the United States after Pan Am. Hughes gave up control in the 1960s, and the new management of TWA acquired Hilton International and Century 21 in an attempt to diversify the company's business.
As the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 led to a wave of airline failures, start-ups, and takeovers in the United States, TWA was spun off from its holding company in 1984. Carl Icahn acquired control of TWA and took the company private in a leveraged buyout in 1988. TWA became saddled with debt, sold its London routes, underwent Chapter 11 restructuring in 1992 and 1995, and was further stressed by the explosion of TWA Flight 800 in 1996.
In 2001, TWA filed for a third and final bankruptcy and was acquired by American Airlines. American laid off many former TWA employees in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks and closed its St. Louis hub in 2003.TWA was headquartered at one time in Kansas City, Missouri, and planned to make Kansas City International Airport its main domestic and international hub, but abandoned this plan in the 1970s. The airline later developed its largest hub at Lambert-St. Louis International Airport. Its main transatlantic hub was the TWA Flight Center at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City, an architectural icon designed by Eero Saarinen, and completed in 1962.