Tested with
JPEG: stock Ubuntu ImageMagick + libjpeg-turbo
WebP: version 1.1.0
JPEG XL: current dev version (2020-11-13)
AVIF: libavif 0.8.2 (aom 2.0.0)
Here I used 4:4:4 for JPEG and AVIF; JPEG XL is always 4:4:4 and WebP is always 4:2:0.
In a previous test ( • Generation Loss – JPEG, WebP, JPEG XL, AVIF ) I used 4:2:0 for JPEG and AVIF, this is to see if it is better without the chroma subsampling...