DNA cloning | Process of DNA cloning by plasmid vector
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To get multiple copies of a gene or other piece of DNA you must isolate, or ‘cut’, the DNA from its source and then ‘paste’ it into a DNA vector that can replicate (or copy) itself.
The four main steps in DNA cloning are:
Step 1. The chosen piece of DNA is ‘cut’ from the source organism using restriction enzymes.
Step 2. The piece of DNA is ‘pasted’ into a vector and the ends of the DNA are joined with the vector DNA by ligation.
Step 3. The vector is introduced into a host cell, often a bacterium or yeast, by a process called transformation. The host cells copy the vector DNA along with their own DNA, creating multiple copies of the inserted DNA.
Step 4. The vector DNA is isolated (or separated) from the host cells’ DNA and purified.