What is...Polya’s theorem?

Опубликовано: 15 Май 2026
на канале: VisualMath
1,348
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Goal.
I would like to tell you a bit about my favorite theorems, ideas or concepts in mathematics and why I like them so much.

This time.
What is...Polya’s theorem? Or: Birds get lost.

Disclaimer.
Nobody is perfect, and I might have said something silly. If there is any doubt, then please check the references.

Slides.
http://www.dtubbenhauer.com/youtube.html

Random walk.
https://www.ime.unicamp.br/~popov/2sr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_...

Expected value and distance.
https://math.stackexchange.com/questi...
https://math.stackexchange.com/questi...

Polya’s constant.
https://mathworld.wolfram.com/PolyasR...

1d random walk a.k.a. coin flipping.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin_fl...
https://people.duke.edu/~rnau/411rand...
https://mathworld.wolfram.com/RandomW...
  / random-walk-a-comprehensive-illustration  
https://blogs.sas.com/content/iml/201...
https://mathstrek.blog/2012/10/12/ran...
  / the-drunkards-walk-explained  

2d random walk.
https://mathworld.wolfram.com/RandomW...
https://www.bragitoff.com/2021/05/ran...
https://math.stackexchange.com/questi...

3d random walk.
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/45...
   • Visualizing Random Walks in Three Dimensions  

Paris (size).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_m...

Mathematica.
https://demonstrations.wolfram.com/Si...
https://demonstrations.wolfram.com/La...
https://demonstrations.wolfram.com/Ra...
https://demonstrations.wolfram.com/Se...
https://demonstrations.wolfram.com/Co...

Pictures used.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin_fl...
https://people.duke.edu/~rnau/411rand...
https://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/...
https://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/...
https://www.mapdevelopers.com/draw-ci...

Random walks are very popular.
   • What is a Random Walk? | Infinite Series  
   • Why Do Random Walks Get Lost in 3D?  
   • The diffusion equation | Week 12 | MIT 18....