Basic Weft Knitting Loop Formation Techniques - (Knit, Tuck & Miss Loops)
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In weft knitting, a single continuous yarn is manipulated by a series of needles to form interlocking loops in a horizontal direction. This process occurs in a coordinated sequence, with mechanical elements like cams controlling the upward and downward movement of the needles. The loops created form courses (horizontal rows) and wales (vertical columns) that build the fabric.

The sequence described below uses a latch needle, the most common type used in modern weft knitting machines.
The 5 stages of weft knitting loop formation
Clearing: The needle, which holds an old loop in its hook, rises to its highest position. As the needle rises, the old loop slides down the stem and its open latch pivots upward and away from the hook. This clears the hook for the new yarn.
Yarn feeding: A yarn guide, or feeder, positions a new length of yarn into the open hook of the needle.
Knocking over (old loop): The needle begins its downward movement. As it descends, the old loop that was resting on the stem contacts the closing latch and pivots it shut, trapping the new yarn in the hook.
Loop formation (new loop): The needle continues its downward motion, pulling the newly caught yarn through the old loop.
Loop drawing: The old loop is cast off the needle, and the new loop is retained in the needle's hook. The cycle is complete, and the new loop is held in place, forming the next course of the fabric.
The role of sinkers
In addition to needles, sinkers are thin metal plates that move between the needles to assist in loop formation. Their functions include:
Holding down: Sinkers prevent old loops from rising with the needles during the clearing stage.
Loop formation: They help push the new yarn into a loop shape during the yarn feeding stage.
Knocking over: The sinker supports the old loop to ensure it is cleanly cast off as the new loop is drawn through.
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