Should probably read this so you can see the point of this team
I wanted to go for a run that didn't use cool japan, items, or high leveled crit units such as 40+ Catasaurus. However note my Salon Cat is the equivalent of a level 40 Paris Cat damage wise, I highly advise you use Paris Cat as I wanted to make this guide with as minimal boosted units as possible to show it's possible without strong crit units or strong meatshields that can take a hit.
Note that Goemon works very well at the start, however for that to work he needs to be level 40 to one shot the Crocos, and my Goemon is only level 31, so I substituted with Xmas Pudding. You can use different combos for the startoff, I chose Bento Special since it's only 2 units.
Onto the strat itself, essentially you want to kill off the Crocos with any double income unit, then call in Ururun and stall as hard as you can to keep him from pushing up. The Li'l Island enemy doesn't attack as frequently as the Manic Island enemy, so use this to your advantage and Cat Cannon at the correct times to sync them. By syncing them, they hardly push at all. Ururun can also help sync them with her Knockback ability. Control the amount of Salon/Paris cats you spawn as well, as you don't want to overkill and start pushing to the base before you have max money.
As you start to gain money and kill off the Li'l Islands, you'll want to call in Bahamut and try to get a legend stack going before you hit the base. Be weary of how many Salon Cats you send in, as you might reach the cat limit, and have a huge gap in your meatshields. You can preemptively call in Space Cat to get an initial stack before spawning the Super Metal Hippoe.
During the Hippoe battle you want to have Bahamut and Ururun hit the Islands that are behind the Hippoe while also wanting all the Islands to sync. Otherwise desynced Islands + Super Metal Hippoe will shred through your meatshields fast. Cat Cannon can save you a lot here when used correctly. Other than that hope for crits. Note that the higher your crit units, the easier this level is. I used level 33 Catasaurus and 30 Space Cat to show it's still managable with average leveled units.
I highly advise that if you have a 30+4 or higher Li'l Eraser, that you use him over Catburger or So-Ran. That way he can actually take a hit against the enemies in this level. Reason I didn't use my Li'l Eraser is because he is very high leveled, and would feel cheap if I used it here.
If you are using the same exact meatshields, make sure to use them in the same order I set them, as their order matters so that they can effectively stall and not all die at the same time. Just note you have to stall very well when using units that die in 1 hit.
Cool Japan + Rich Cat can make this stage a lot easier, but you'll have to decide whether you're gonna take out Bahamut/Ururun/Major Space Cat to make room. As well as taking out Xmas Pudding
Jiangshi level 33
Catasaur level 33
Xmas Pudding 33
Salon Cat 40+17 (Damage is slightly less than a level 40 Paris, however it has more HP, but that doesn't matter too much as Li'l Island still two shots it. Don't limit yourself like I did, go all out on this level)
Major Space Cat 30