09 - Encapsulation
Encapsulation is one of the four fundamental principles of object-oriented programming (OOP), along with inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It refers to the bundling of data (attributes or fields) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit known as a class. Encapsulation restricts direct access to some of an object's components and can prevent the accidental modification of data.
Encapsulation promotes the idea of bundling data and methods into a single unit, providing a clear and well-defined interface for interacting with objects. This improves code organization, enhances security, and makes it easier to maintain and evolve software systems.