Why do we use Columnar Database ? | System Design
In this video, I have discussed Columnar databases. These are designed to read only the specific columns required for a query, which drastically reduces the amount of data scanned and makes analytics much faster. Because similar data values are stored together, they achieve very high compression, saving both storage space and disk I/O. They also use metadata like minimum and maximum values per block to skip large portions of data during range filters, which further improves performance. This architecture is ideal for operations like aggregations, filtering, and reporting on large datasets. That’s why columnar databases are widely used in data warehouses, business intelligence, dashboards, and analytical workloads rather than heavy transaction processing.
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