Violence vs Nonviolence in the Civil Rights Movement
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Time stamps:
00:00 - Intro
04:16 - Part One: Martin Luther King & Nonviolence
05:32 - Claudette Colvin
07:47 - The Montgomery Bus Boycotts
10:48 - The Battle for MLK
15:43 - Part Two: The Letter from Birmingham Jail
21:25 - MLK's Tactics
23:35 - Part Three: Malcolm X
27:44 - The Nation of Islam
30:34 - Malcolm X vs MLK
34:00 - Part Four: Nonviolence in Action
37:32 - The Freedom Riders, 1961
39:39 - The Albany Movement, 1961-62
42:32 - The Birmingham Campaign, 1963
48:41 - St. Augustine, 1964
48:58 - The March on Washington, 1963
54:10 - Selma, 1965
59:46 - Part Five: Post-1965
01:05:09 - Riots & Fair Housing
01:08:24 - Part Six: Conclusion
01:14:05 - Nelson Mandela
01:19:52 - Credits
MLK sources:
How Should A Christian View Communism? https://beasley.sdsu.edu/How%20Should...
Letter from a Birmingham Jail: https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles...
The Role of the Behavioral Scientist: https://www.apa.org/topics/equity-div...
Where Do We Go From Here? https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/wh...
Malcolm X sources:
Interview with Playboy: https://www.unix-ag.uni-kl.de/~moritz...
Message to the Grassroots: https://www.blackpast.org/african-ame...
The Ballot or the Bullet: http://www.edchange.org/multicultural...
Nelson Mandela on Trial:
https://www.facinghistory.org/resourc...
A. Nimtz, Violence and/or Nonviolence in the Success of the Civil Rights Movement: http://gsjhr.ms.ds.iscte.pt/2017-18/v...
A. Umoja, A Comparative Analysis of Armed Resistance in the Civil Rights Movement: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2645870?...
B. Chappell, New biography of Martin Luther King Jr. undercuts a widely cited quote about Malcolm X: https://www.npr.org/2023/05/15/117583...
Black Panther Party Ten-Point Program: https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/...
B. Wirmark, Nonviolent Methods and the American Civil Rights Movement: https://www.jstor.org/stable/422684
C. Carson, The Unfinished Dialogue of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/1...
Constitutional Rights Foundation, Martin Luther King and the Philosophy of Nonviolence: https://www.crf-usa.org/images/pdf/Ma...
G. Oladipo, Martin Luther King's famous criticism of Malcolm X 'just not true': https://www.theguardian.com/books/202...
J. Cone, Martin and Malcolm on Nonviolence and Violence: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3132627
J. Hatfield, How public attitudes toward Martin Luther King Jr. have changed since the 1960s: https://www.pewresearch.org/short-rea....
J. Luders, Civil Rights Success and the Politics of Racial Violence: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3877064
King Institute, Black Power: https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/bl...
King Institute, Browder v Gayle: https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/br...
King Institute, Malcolm X: https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/ma...
King Institute, State of Alabama v. M. L. King, Jr: https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/st...
L. Goodheart, The Ambivalent Antisemitism of Malcolm X: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/1...
M. Adler, Before Rosa Parks, There Was Claudette Colvin: https://www.npr.org/2009/03/15/101719...
RJ Reinhart, Protests Seen as Harming Civil Rights Movement in the '60s: https://news.gallup.com/vault/246167/....
S. Gordon, Power Dynamics of a Segregated City: https://digitalcommons.slc.edu/cgi/vi...
S. Norwood & E. Pollack, White Devils
The Guardian: She would not be moved: https://www.theguardian.com/theguardi...
W. Santoro, The Civil Rights Movement and the Right to Vote: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20430815...