The 8 stages of development according to Erik Erikson
Erikson's theory of psychosocial development identifies eight stages that a healthy person should go through from birth to death. In each stage, we encounter different needs, ask new questions, and meet people who influence our behavior and learning.
Basic Trust vs. Distrust, Childhood (1-2 years)
As toddlers, we question whether we can trust the world and whether it is safe. We learn that if we can trust someone now, we can trust others in the future. When we experience fear, we develop doubt and distrust. The key to our development is our mother.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, Early Childhood (2-4 years)
In our early childhood, we experience ourselves and discover our bodies. We ask: Is it okay to be me? If we are allowed to explore ourselves, we develop self-confidence. If we are not, we can develop shame and self-doubt. Both parents play an important role at this stage.
Initiative vs. Guilt, Preschool Age (4-5 years)
In preschool, we take the initiative, try new things, and learn basic principles, such as how round things turn. We ask: Is it okay for me to do what I'm doing? If we are encouraged, we can follow our interests. If we are held back or told what we are doing is stupid, we can develop guilt. We now learn from the whole family.