The event heard from four case studies of schemes aiming to incentivise environmental stewardship, spanning a range of social and environmental contexts and different scales. Discussions focussed on how different approaches to incentivising environmental stewardship can be more effective as mechanisms to achieve both socioeconomic and environmental goals, particularly in helping to address persistent poverty, and how such interventions engage with the political economy of policy implementation at local scales. Links were then made to implications for development policy.