There are many vectors ransomware can take to access a computer. One of the most common delivery systems is phishing spam, where attachments come to the victim in an email, masquerading as a file they should trust.
Once downloaded and opened, they can take over the victim’s computer, especially if they can gain administrative access through social engineering or an abundance of system exploits. From there, the ransomware gang will continue to hack your systems and applications until they take control over mission-critical systems and data.
Ransomware authors have been getting increasingly sophisticated in their ability to collect ransoms. They do not rely on automated pieces of code but manually hack systems and networks until they get the right level of access and the data. They will impersonate law enforcement, suppliers, and software vendors. They will delete or infect your backups. They even have support channels to “help” the victim purchase bitcoins and pay the ransom to release the system or regain access to critical data.
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