Acoustics Theory for Drum Tuning: Drum Vibration Modes
There's one key acoustics theory that will immediately improve your knowledge and ability with drum tuning. As a result of knowing this theory, you will learn the skill of drum tuning faster, with more knowledge of the instrument and you’ll find it much easier to get the sound you want from your drum kit. You’ll be able to tune more precisely, more consistently, and if you wish, to musical notes and intervals on the drum kit.
The theory applies to all musical instruments, but is particularly relevant for drums and drum tuning. It's quite simple, basically the drumhead vibrates at many different frequencies all at the same time. So when you hit the drumhead, many different frequencies are heard as the drumhead attempts to vibrate in different ways and shapes, we call these frequencies and vibration shapes 'vibration modes', and depending on where you hit the drum, some modes/frequencies resonate stronger and louder than others.
Two of these frequencies are the most important for drum tuning:
The fundamental frequency, which we call 'F0' is excited most when the drum is hit at the middle and sounds like a BOOM
The first overtone frequency of the drum, which we call 'F1' is excited most when the drum is hit at the edge and sounds like a PING
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