Sen. Ted Stevens (R-Alaska) opened the Physically Diverse Networks Summit, organized by the Wireless Communications Association International (WCA) in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Commerce. Drawing from lessons of the Sept. 11 attacks in 2001, the Senator led Congressional efforts to enact a law mandating that federally owned or leased properties must have "diverse" (or alternative) telecom/IT capabilities in case of terror attack, natural disaster or other emergency unless the President's Administration deems an exception.