Constitutionalism or Constitution? What is Constitution? | Polity Class by Roy Sir | UPSC CSE
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Constitution is the basic fundamental law according to which the country is governed.
Now, all the other laws that are enacted by the legislative organ of the government must be in tune with this basic fundamental law. And if it goes against this basic fundamental law, such a law is declared as unconstitutional. In simple words, Constitution tells us that what form of government will be there in the country which will be the different organs of the government, what rights would be enjoyed by the people, what limitations would be there over the government or in very standard words, we can say that it is the basic law of the land. It is the basic fundamental law, which tells us that how the country would be governed.
In the past rulers had unlimited authority, and they would rule the land at the whims and fancies but with the emergence of constitutions. Now, all countries are governed by a supreme law. Now this supreme law is known as constitution. Now, how powerful is a constitution in a particular country, or whether there is constitutional supremacy in that country? It depends upon the form of government that these countries have adopted and their history, the struggles, the national movements, all of them determined that how the constitution for that country will look like, but in very simple words, Constitution is the basic fundamental law, which tells us that how the country will be governed, which will be the organs of the government, what rights would be enjoined by the people, what limitations would be imposed over the government etc.
There is another term which you should be familiar with, and that is constitutionalism. constitutionalism in simple words means a limited form of government, it means a government which is under the Constitution. Now, you see that again in if you go into the historical past, you will find rulers who were authoritative totalitarian in their approach when it came to govern the country. But if you have the ideals of constitutionalism established in a land, it means that the government would be a limited government, there would be definite fetters over the government and the government shall not be able to exceed those limitations. And if the government exceeds those limitations, such actions of the government would be unconstitutional. Like say, for example, we have in our constitution in the Part Three some basic rights which we call as fundamental rights and no government can take away those rights. It means that the governments have some limitations in our country, and those limitations have been imposed over the government by the Constitution. This idea of limitation because imposed by a constitution. overworking governments is known as constitutionalism.
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