The fundamental principle of ac machine operation is that if a three-phase set of currents, each of equal magnitude and differing in phase by 120°, flows in a three-phase winding, then it will produce a rotating magnetic field of constant magnitude. The three phase winding consists of three separate windings spaced 120 electrical degrees apart around the surface of the machine. The rotating magnetic field concept is illustrated in the simplest case by an empty stator containing just three coils, each 120 degree apart. Since such a winding produces only one north and one south magnetic pole, it is a two pole winding.
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