Paulista Waterfall - Flyover and History
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Cachoeira Paulista is a municipality in the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba, in the interior of the state of São Paulo, in the microregion of Guaratinguetá.
Its estimated population in 2022 was 31,564 inhabitants. It has an area of 287.990 km², resulting in a population density of 104.49 inhabitants/km².
Demonym: Cachoeirense
Its bordering cities are: Cruzeiro to the north, Silveiras to the east, Lorena to the south and west, and Canas to the southwest.
History
The area was inhabited by the Puri indigenous people, with a village between the banks of the Paraíba do Sul River and the Mão Fria spring, a place now called Jardim da Fonte. The first colonial settlement occurred around 1730, belonging to the town of Lorena and called Arraial do Porto da Caxoeira. The initial landmark of this primitive nucleus was a small hermitage erected by devotees in homage to Senhor Bom Jesus da Cana Verde in 1780.
Manoel da Silva Caldas and his wife, Ângela Maria de Jesus, on October 18, 1784, donated “two hundred fathoms of frontage and half a league towards the hinterlands situated on the left bank of the Paraíba do Sul River, up to the borders with Embaú,” for the patrimony of the new Chapel of Bom Jesus da Cana Verde, erected on their lands by Sebastiana de Tal, effectively constituting the settlement and thus allowing the expansion of the village established there.
The first buildings erected consisted of huts belonging to backwoodsmen, mostly fishermen, who drew their sustenance from the Paraíba River. The first street in Cachoeira was Rua "Bom Jesus," which at the time started at the chapel and extended to the route used by muleteers heading to Minas Gerais.
In 1822, in the days leading up to the Proclamation of Independence, the Prince Regent, Dom Pedro I, passed through the then Parish of Santo Antônio da Cachoeira, stopping on August 18th of that year.
On March 29, 1876, by law, the settlement was elevated to the category of parish, creating the District of Peace of Santo Antônio de Cachoeira. Four years later, on March 9, 1880, the municipality was created, with the name Vila de Santo Antônio da Bocaina.
On May 15, 1883, the Municipal Chamber was created, the body responsible for the administration of the municipality. On May 15, 1895, another name change: Vila da Bocaina. Through Municipal Law number 1,470 of 1915, the city came to be called Cachoeira. On November 30, 1944, Decree-Law number 14,334 officially confirmed the result of a municipal plebiscite, which considered that the municipality should be called Valparaíba. But the name did not last long. On December 24, 1948, the current name was adopted: Cachoeira Paulista.
One of the most significant historical moments in the city occurred in 1932, during the Constitutionalist Revolution. During this period, the municipality transformed into a war zone, becoming the General Headquarters of the Constitutionalist Movement.
The Embaú neighborhood, which was the seat of the former municipality of Conceição do Cruzeiro (now Cruzeiro), is also currently part of the municipality.
Toponymy
The origin of the name Cachoeira Paulista is due to the fact that the Paraíba River has some rapids after the iron bridge of MRS Logística (former Central do Brasil Railway).
Before being called Cachoeira Paulista (1948), the city had 11 different names: Porto da Cachoeira, Arraial do Porto da Cachoeira, Porto da Cachoeira, Arraial porto da Cachoeira de Santo Antônio, Freguesia de Santo Antonio da Cachoeira, Vila de Santo Antonio da Bocaina (1880), Vila de Santo Antônio da Cachoeira (1883), Vila da Bocaina (1895), Bocaina (1911), Cachoeira (1915), Valparaíba (1944).
Cachoeira Paulista Railway Station
The city of Cachoeira Paulista, in the interior of the State of São Paulo, is home to what is considered one of the most magnificent railway constructions in the history of this country.
Inaugurated in 1877, the Cachoeira Paulista Railway Station marked the meeting point between two important railway lines in Brazil: the Estrada de Ferro do Norte (also known as the São Paulo-Rio Railway) and the Estrada de Ferro Dom Pedro II, which came from the city of Rio de Janeiro.
Although currently completely abandoned, the Cachoeira Paulista Station still displays traces of the beautiful architecture undertaken at the time of its construction.