The American Republic [Video Lecture Doc.]
Republicanism is the political value system that has been a central part of civic thought in the United States since the American Revolution. It emphasizes liberty and inalienable rights as its core values, makes the people, as a whole, sovereign, rejects inherited political power, expects citizens to be independent in their civic duties, and vilifies political corruption. American republicanism was first founded and practiced by the nation's Founding Fathers in the 18th century. The system was based on Roman, Renaissance, and English models. Besides the American Revolution, it served as the basis for the Declaration of Independence (1776) and the Constitution (1787) of the country, as well as the Gettysburg Address.
Republicanism is not the same as democracy, insofar as it ensures that people have inalienable rights that cannot be eliminated even by a majority of voters. Since the 1830s, when Alexis de Tocqueville warned about the "tyranny of the majority" in a democracy, advocates for minorities have sought to warn about the need for courts to protect these rights, reversing efforts by voters to eliminate the rights of an unpopular minority. According to Martin Edelman, professor of political science at the State University of New York at Albany (1984), what Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story had warned about when he opposed Jacksonian democracy had come to pass; Story saw "oppression" when the popular majorities in various states during the 1830s began to restrict and erode the property rights of the wealthy minority. For Edelman, Chief Justice John Marshall, by using the doctrine of judicial review, played a crucial role in promoting the republicanism of the Founding Fathers.
"Republicanism" derives from the term "republic," but the two words have very different meanings; While "republic" is a form of government, "republicanism" is a political ideology.
Two of the country's main parties evidently received their names from this concept; the Republican Party of Thomas Jefferson (founded in 1793, and often called the "Democratic-Republican Party" by political scientists, proponents of so-called Jeffersonian democracy), and the current Republican Party (founded in 1854 and inspired by the French Revolution).
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