Blood Types Explained (ABO/Rh System)
Blood Types Explained (ABO/Rh System)
𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗲𝘅:
⏲ 0:00 Why there are different blood types
⏲ 3:00 Rh Factor (RhD)
⏲ 4:00 Hemolytic disease of the newborn disease (HDN)
⏲ 4:44 Compatible blood groups
⏲ 4:57 World Population By Percentage of Blood Types
📫𝐎𝐮𝐫 𝐅𝐁 𝐏𝐚𝐠𝐞:
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🎬𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐬:
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Wikipedia
📚𝐃𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐝'𝐬 𝐁𝐨𝐨𝐤𝐬
📕 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗿𝗱 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝗵𝘀: 𝗔𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗜𝗻𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝘆𝗼𝗻𝗱
(https://www.amazon.com/Weird-Maths-Ag...)
📙 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝗵𝘀: 𝗔𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲
(https://www.amazon.com/Weirder-Maths-...)
📗 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗿𝗱𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝗵𝘀: 𝗔𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗼𝗻
(https://www.amazon.com/Weirdest-Maths...)
** The kindle versions are available
*** For more details : http://weirdmaths.com/
📄𝐓𝐞𝐱𝐭:
Our immune system relies mainly on white blood cells. These cells wander around our body in the blood stream, seeking out pathogens that cause illness. But it’s not an easy task because there are billions of different molecules in our body. In order to determine which of these are pathogens, white blood cells look for special molecules called antigens. Antigens are located on the surface of viruses, bacteria and other disease-causing substances. When white blood cells detect antigens, the immune system is triggered and antibodies are produced. These antibodies attach to the antigens and the pathogens are destroyed.
There are also antigens on our red blood cells. In the ABO/Rh system, antigens on blood cells are named A and B. If your blood cells have only the A antigen, your blood group is A. If only the B antigen is present, your blood group is B. If both A and B antigens are present, your blood group is AB, and if both are absent, your blood group is O.
The relationship between antigens and antibodies is like that of a key and a lock: each antibody is an exact match for only one type of antigen. For example, there’s an A antibody that can only attach to the A antigen on blood cells. However, the A antigen and A antibody can’t be found in the blood at the same time. Because as soon as the A antibody attaches to the A antigen, a warning is given that the cell with the antigen is foreign and harmful for the body, and the immune system attacks the cells with the A antigen. This is why blood groups play such a crucial role in blood transfusions.
For example, group AB is compatible with all blood types. In other words, group AB can receive blood from all other groups since it has neither A nor B antibodies. Group O, on the other hand, is the universal donor. This is because, no matter what type of antibodies (A, B or both) are in the blood, the blood cells don’t have antigens to which the antibodies will attach. However, group O blood has both A and B antibodies. In other words, group O can’t receive blood from another group except O. If a person with type O blood received a type A blood transfusion, the A antibodies in the blood would attach to the antigen A in the transplanted blood and trigger the immune system to attack the cells.
In 1940, scientists Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener discovered an antigen in their experiments on Rhesus monkeys. It was determined that this antigen is also present in human blood cells. The antigen was named Rh – short for Rhesus. Rh+ indicates that the Rh antigen is present in the blood cells, while Rh- indicates that it’s absent. This antigen is also important in blood transfusions. Only Rh- blood can be given to Rh- bloods, while both Rh+ and Rh- bloods can be given to Rh+ bloods. Since there’s no Rh antibody in Rh+ blood, it doesn’t matter whether the transfused blood has the Rh antigen or not.
The Rh factor of a mother and baby is extremely important during pregnancy. Serious conditions can occur if the mother's blood is Rh- and the baby's blood is Rh+. Since there’s no Rh antigen in the mother's blood cells, there are Rh antibodies in the mother's blood. Rh antibodies pass to the baby, bind to the Rh antigen in the baby's blood cells and send the signal that these cells are invaders. As a result, the mother's defense system attacks the baby's blood cells. This condition is called hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). It can be treated by changing the baby's blood completely.
Finally, let’s take a look at a summary of all the blood groups and the groups that are compatible with each. We can see that the most common blood group of all is O Rh+ and the rarest is AB Rh-.
#blood #type #group