Reactions of Group 2 Elements | A Level Chemistry | OCR, AQA, Edexcel
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Group 2 elements burn in oxygen to form a metal oxide. The reaction between a Group 2 element and oxygen is a redox as Group 2 elements are oxidised from an oxidation state of 0 to +2 and oxygen is reduced from a 0 state to -2. Group 2 metal oxides are all white solids.
Different Group 2 elements will produced different colored flames. This characteristically colored flame is caused by the presence of 2+ ions and hence can be used as a test for the presence of Group 2 metal ions.
Group 2 elements react readily with cold water to form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen. The reaction between a Group 2 element and water is a redox as Group 2 elements are oxidised from an oxidation state of 0 to +2. Hydrogen is reduced from a +1 state to 0. The group 2 elements form +2 ions with then react with water.
The rate of reactivity with water of the elements increases as you move down the group. Beryllium does not react at all, magnesium reacts very slowly whereas barium reacts rapidly.
Group 2 metals react vigorously with steam to give a metal oxide and hydrogen. Note the difference in products formed depending on how hot the water is.
Group 2 metal oxides react vigorously with water to give a metal hydroxide. The reaction is so exothermic that some of the water will evaporate off. Unlike the reactions with Group 2 metals, no hydrogen is given off.
Group 2 hydroxides form weakly alkaline solutions. The metal hydroxide dissolves in water to give an excess of OH- ions, which increase the pH of the solution.
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