How To Wire A Sub Panel In Your Home
How To Wire A Sub Panel
Indoor sub panels are not weathertight. They are generally mounted between 2x4 studs. Install panel 1/2"-5/8" distance from stud wall so final install will be flush with sheetrock.
Outdoor sub panels can be used indoors or outdoors. Rated Nema 3R water-tight, outdoor panels are 'weather resistant' but not 'waterproof.'
Locate 12" above anticipated snowfall. Best in sheltered, shaded area when possible. Never locate panel where equipment (forklift, lawn mower) can impact panel. When required by code, outdoor panels should be bonded to ground wire that is connected to nearby ground rod. Never touch or work on outdoor electric while standing on bare soil or wet surface... stand on dry 2x4s or plywood. Wear dry clothes.
Turn off power to sub panel. Never lean into anything made of metal. Use non-contact voltage tester to determine if power is present. Outlets installed outdoor must have gfci protection. Read about electrocution
Basic installation
Attach sub panel and wiring firmly to structure.
Sub panel must have cover. Cover must fit flat against the panel, and door remain shut to avoid fire hazard.
Wires entering sub panel must be attached with wire clamp or conduit so wires cannot move ... wires and conduit must be attached to structure so they cannot pull loose.
Use solid copper wire. Do not use aluminum wire unless panel is rated for CU-AL. Do not use stranded wire under the breaker screw. High amperage loads will heat wire, causing it to expand.
Aluminum wire expands more than copper and will come loose and cause fire. Stranded wire can come loose, causing arcs that will melt the breaker and/or cause fire.
240 volt breakers must be double-pole breaker with connected switches, and cannot be 2 separate single-pole breakers, unless the breaker switches are connected together. Each side of 30 amp double breaker is 30 amp (not 15 amp each).
3-phase panels are made for 3-pole breakers and 3-phase commercial application. Single phase 120-240 volt breakers, single-pole and double-pole, will fit into 3-phase panels. How to wire 3-phase Difference between single-phase and 3-phase.
• How To Wire A Sub Panel In Your Home
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