Portal vein / Anatomy / Simplified - Formation, Relations and Tributaries

Опубликовано: 20 Март 2026
на канале: Smart Med Learn Dr. Ankit Jain

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Portal Vein
The portal vein is an important venous channel [about 3 inches, which collects blood from abdominal and pelvic parts of the alimentary tract (except lower part of the anal canal), pancreas, and spleen, and transports it to the liver.
The important features of the portal vein are:
1. It provides about 80% of the blood that flows through the liver.
2. Its tributaries and branches contain up to one-third of the total volume of blood in the entire body.
3. The portal vein and its tributaries are devoid of valves.
4. It transports the products of digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and other nutrients from the intestine and also products of red cell destruction (etc.) from the spleen to the liver.
5. It divides into branches which, like those of hepatic artery, discharge their blood into sinusoids of the liver, which are drained by hepatic veins into the IVC.
FORMATION
The portal vein is formed behind the neck of pancreas by the union of superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein at the level of L2.
It runs upward and a little to the right behind the neck of pancreas, then ascends posterior to the first part of the duodenum to enter the right free edge of the lesser omentum. It ends at the right end of porta hepatis by dividing into a right branch and a left branch.

Relations
Infraduodenal Part
Anterior: Neck of pancreas.
Posterior: IVC.
Retroduodenal Part
Anterior: First part of the duodenum.
Bile duct.
Gastroduodenal artery.
Posterior: IVC.
Supraduodenal Part
Anterior: Hepatic artery (on the left) and bile duct (on the right).
Posterior: IVC.

TRIBUTARIES
1. Splenic vein, a larger formative tributary.
2. Superior mesenteric vein, a smaller formative tributary.
3. Superior pancreaticoduodenal vein joins the portal vein behind the first part of duodenum.
4. Left and right gastric veins join the portal vein the right free margin of lesser omentum. The left gastric vein at the cardiac end of the stomach
receives a few esophageal veins from the lower end of esophagus.
The right gastric vein receives the prepyloric vein (of Mayo) which runs vertically in front of the pylorus.
5. Cystic vein joins the right branch of the portal vein before it enters the right lobe of the liver.
6. Paraumbilical veins are small veins that run along the ligamentum teres in the falciform ligament and join the left branch of the portal vein before it enters the left lobe of the liver.

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Dr. Ankit Jain
MBBS, MS