Prefix sums are the sums of the first K elements in an array. You can use them to quickly get the range sum and solve many other problems.
Range Sum - https://cses.fi/problemset/task/1646 or https://www.spoj.com/problems/CSUMQ/
Most Frequent - https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/queries...
Range Increase - https://www.hackerrank.com/challenges...
Subarray Sum Equals K - https://leetcode.com/problems/subarra...
Product - https://leetcode.com/problems/product...
CF article - https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/86420
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