Windows 11 【TECHNICAL PARTH】
Microsoft Windows, or simply Windows, is a metafamily of graphical operating systemsdeveloped, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. It consists of several families of operating systems, each of which cater to a certain sector of the computing industry with the OStypically associated with IBM PC compatiblearchitecture. Active Windows families include Windows NT and Windows Embedded; these may encompass subfamilies, e.g. Windows Embedded Compact (Windows CE) or Windows Server. Defunct Windows families include Windows 9x, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone.
Microsoft Windows
Screenshot of Windows 10 (Creators Update, version 1703), showing the Action Center and Start Menu
DeveloperMicrosoftSource modelClosed / shared sourceInitial releaseNovember 20, 1985; 31 years ago, as Windows 1.0Latest release1703 (10.0.15063.483) (July 11, 2017; 1 day ago) [±]Latest previewRS3 (10.0.16237.1000) (July 7, 2017; 5 days ago) [±]Marketing targetPersonal computingAvailable in137 languages[1]Update method
Windows UpdateWindows Anytime UpgradeWindows StoreWSUS
Package managerWindows Installer(.msi), Windows Store(.appx)[2]PlatformsARM, IA-32, Itanium, x86-64, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPCKernel type
Windows NT family: HybridWindows CE: HybridWindows 9x and earlier: Monolithic (MS-DOS)
Default user interfaceWindows shellLicenseProprietary commercial softwareOfficial websitewindows.microsoft.com
Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985, as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs).[3]Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal computer (PC) market with over 90% market share, overtaking Mac OS, which had been introduced in 1984. Applecame to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh (eventually settled in court in Microsoft's favor in 1993). On PCs, Windows is still the most popular operating system. However, in 2014, Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android,[4]because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones. In 2014, the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold. This comparison however may not be fully relevant, as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms.
As of September 2016, the most recent version of Windows for PCs, tablets, smartphones and embedded devices is Windows 10. The most recent versions for server computers is Windows Server 2016. A specialized version of Windows runs on the Xbox One video game console.[5]
Genealogy
By marketing role
Microsoft, the developer of Windows, has registered several trademarks each of which denote a family of Windows operating systems that target a specific sector of the computing industry. As of 2014, the following Windows families are being actively developed:
Windows NT: Started as a family of operating system with Windows NT 3.1, an operating system for server computers and workstations. It now consists of three operating system subfamilies that are released almost at the same time and share the same kernel. It is almost impossible for someone unfamiliar with the subject to identify the members of this family by name because they do not adhere to any specific rule; e.g. Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8/8.1 and Windows RT are members of this family but Windows 3.1 is not.Windows: The operating system for mainstream personal computers, tabletsand smartphones. The latest version is Windows 10. The main competitor of this family is macOS by Apple Inc. for personal computers and Android for mobile devices (c.f. Usage share of operating systems § Market share by category).Windows Server: The operating system for server computers. The latest version is Windows Server 2016. Unlike its clients sibling, it has adopted a strong naming scheme. The main competitor of this family is Linux. (c.f. Usage share of operating systems § Market share by category)Windows PE: A lightweight version of its Windows sibling meant to operate as a live operating system, used for installing Windows on bare-metal computers (especially on many computers at once), recovery or troubleshooting purposes. The latest version is Windows PE 10.0.10586.0.Windows Embedded: Initially, Microsoft developed Windows CE as a general-purpose operating system for every device that was too resource-limited to be called a full-fledged computer. Eventually, however, Windows CE was renamed Windows Embedded Compact and was folded under Windows Compact trademark which also consists of Windows Embedded Industry, Windows Embedded Professional, Windows Embedded Standard, Windows Embedded Handheld and Windows Embedded Automotive.[6]
The following Windows families are no longer being developed:
Windows 9x: An operating system that targeted consumers market. Discontinued because of suboptimal perfor