pelvic venous congestion
uterus develops from the paranemesophrenic (Müllerian) ducts, which are the primordial fetal structures of the female reprodutive tract. More specifically, the uterovaginal primordium is formed by the fusion of the caudal, vertical parts of the paranemesophrenic ducts. This primordium will give rise to the lower part of the uterus that will slowly enlarge during development, ultimately resulting in the fundus and body of the uterus in the adult female. One can begin to see clear signs of the uterine body at a gestational age of 9 weeks. The endometrium and the muscular wall of the uterus develop from the mesenchyne of the genital cord.
It is supplied by branches of the uterine arteries (branch of the internal iliac artery). One branch travels within the broad ligament of the uterus until the region close to the ovarian hilum, where it forms an anastomosis with the uterine branches of the ovarian artery (branch of the abdominal aorta). The second branch supplies the cervix and anastomoses with several branches of the vaginal artery. The uterine artery also gives several perforating branches within the uterine wall that form two surrounding systems around the uterus called the posterior and anterior arcuate arteries. The venous blood drains through the uterine venous plexus into the internal iliac vein.
The nerves derive from the inferior hypogastric plexus. Sympathetic innervation originates from the T12 and L1 spinal segments, while the parasympathetic nervous supply is provided by the S2 to S4 spinal segments. All vessels and nerves run through the lateral ligaments (ligamentum latum uteri), a broad duplication of the peritoneum connecting the lateral wall of the uterus with the pelvic wall.