Automatic Changeover Switch for Generator / Automatic Transfer Switch / ATS
In this video, I have explained about the fully automatic transfer switch (ATS) for single phase system.
A transfer switch (ATS) is an electrical switch that switches a load between two sources. An Automatic Transfer Switch is often installed where a backup generator is located, so that the generator may provide temporary electrical power if the utility source fails.
When utility power is interrupted, the automatic transfer switch immediately senses the problem and signals the generator to start. Afterward, it detects when the utility power is returned, the automatic transfer switch retransfer to the utility power and turn off the generator.
If you have any questions about the Automatic changeover switch, please comment below the video. I will answer your questions.
अन्तरण स्विच स्वतःचालित हो सकते हैं या मानवचालित (मैनुअल)। यदि पूर्तिकर जनित्र (बैक-अप जनरेटर) उपलब्ध हो तो प्रायः कोई स्वचालित अन्तरण स्विच (An Automatic Transfer Switch /ATS) लगाया जाता है ताकि मुख्य विद्युत-स्रोत के न होने की दशा में जनित्र से अस्थायी विद्युत आपूर्ति सुनिश्चित की जा सके।
How does an automatic transfer switch work?
An automatic transfer switch (ATS) is a self-acting, intelligent power switching device governed by dedicated control logic. The principal purpose of an ATS is to ensure the continuous delivery of electrical power from one of two power sources to a connected load circuit (electrical equipment – lights, motors, computers, etc.).
The control logic or automatic controller is typically microprocessor-based and constantly monitors the electrical parameters (voltage, frequency) of primary and alternate power sources. Upon failure of the connected power source, the ATS will automatically transfer (switch) the load circuit to the other power source (if it is available). As a general rule, most automatic transfer switches seek connection to the primary power source (utility) by default and will only connect to the alternate power source (engine-generator, backup utility) when required (primary source failure) or requested to do so (operator command)
What ATS arrangements are available?
Two power sources
Utility-Generator
The standard transfer switch configuration includes an electric utility service and a generator for normal and emergency power sources. This system arrangement is typically referred to as an emergency standby generator system. The single generator shown may be several engine-generator sets operating in parallel.
Utility-Utility
This use case employs two utility sources that provide redundancy in the distribution system and allows for quick restoration of service to the load if an upstream equipment failure occurs. The two sources can be independent of each other, requiring the public utility company to provide dual electric services, or they can originate from a single electric service that is distributed through redundant paths within the facility.
Generator-Generator
Transfer switches, at times, are applied between two generator sets for prime power use, often at remote installations. In such cases, the generator may be required to provide continuous power 24/7. To equally share run-time, source power is periodically alternated between the generator sets.
Three power sources
Utility—Generator—Generator
Critical facilities with an emergency standby generator system will often include provisions for a second generator connection to serve as a redundant emergency backup that can be used during periods of inclement weather, or when scheduled maintenance is being performed on the first generator.
As shown, in some cases, the first generator is permanently installed onsite whereas the second generator will be a portable roll-up type that is deployed when needed.
Utility—Utility—Generator
This configuration expands on the redundancy provided by a dual utility arrangement and includes an emergency standby generator source. As shown, the generator can be dedicated for use by a single transfer switch or shared among multiple transfer switches employing a priority control scheme.
Different ATS transition types
Open transition
Closed transition
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