Carotid triangle of neck/ Anatomy /Simplified - Boundaries & contents/Anterior triangle of neck
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Carotid triangle
The carotid triangle is one of the paired triangles in the anterior triangle of the neck. It is so called because it contains all the three carotid arteries,
viz. common carotid, internal carotid, and external carotid.
Boundaries
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Superiorly: Posterior belly of digastric supplemented by stylohyoid.
Anteroinferiorly: Superior belly of omohyoid.
Posteriorly: Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid.
Roof: It is formed by investing layer of deep cervical fascia. The superficial fascia over the roof contains platysma, cervical branch
floor: thyrohyoid, hyoglossus, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
roof: skin, superficial fascia, platysma, deep fascia of facial nerve and transverse cervical nerve (a cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus).
Floor: It is formed by the following four muscles:
1. Thyrohyoid.
2. Hyoglossus.
3. Middle constrictor.
4. Inferior constrictor.
Contents
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1. Carotid arteries
(a) Common carotid artery
(b) Internal carotid artery
(c) External carotid artery and its first five branches.
2. Carotid sinus and carotid body.
3. Internal jugular vein.
4. Last three cranial nerves
(a) Vagus nerve
(b) Spinal accessory nerve
(c) Hypoglossal nerve.
5. Carotid sheath
6. Ansa cervicalis.
7. Cervical part of the sympathetic chain.
8. Deep cervical lymph nodes.
Important vascular structures are found within this triangle. It contains the bifurcation of the common carotid artery into internal and external carotid arteries.
The internal carotid artery initially lies postero-laterally to the external carotid artery. It then becomes posterior to it.
Branches of the external carotid artery are found in the triangle including:
superior thyroid artery
lingual artery
facial artery
occipital artery
ascending pharyngeal artery
Corresponding veins to these branches drain into the internal jugular vein.
Crossing both the internal and external carotid artery is the hypoglossal nerve.
Nerves
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hypoglossal nerve
nerve to thyrohyoid from the C1 ventral ramus of the cervical plexus
superior root of ansa cervicalis
internal laryngeal nerve
external laryngeal nerve
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Dr. Ankit Jain
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