A relatively easy problem from the
William Lowell Mathematical Competition is offered once a year in December to all undergraduate students studying in the North America. It is probably the most difficult mathematical competition in the English speaking countries. Top scorers are very likely to pursue a career in the scientific field. The famous Richard Feynman was a Putnam fellow (the highest five scorers) in 1939 who went on to win the Nobel prize in Physics in 1965.
The first problem of Putnam is usually served as a warm up question so it is relatively easy. The one presented here is one of the easiest I have ever seen.
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