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Опубликовано: 25 Июль 2026
на канале: Concept Biology

#plants #photosynthesis #c4cycle #function #biology #structure #csirnetexamimportanttopics #csirnet #csirlifescience #csirnetdec2025 #plantphysiology #gatexl #icmrjrf #dbtexam #uppsc #mppsc #hpsc #rpsc1stgrade #rpsc #assitantprofessor

C4 cycle is a process that plants use to convert carbon dioxide (\(CO_{2}\)) into a form they can use for photosynthesis. It's also known as the Hatch-Slack cycle or the \(\beta \)-carboxylation pathway. How it works The C4 cycle starts in the mesophyll cells, where \(CO_{2}\) is fixed to a three-carbon compound called phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). The enzyme PEP carboxylase catalyzes this reaction to produce a four-carbon compound called oxaloacetate (\(C_{4}\)). Oxaloacetate is converted to other four-carbon compounds like malate or aspartate. These compounds are then transported to the bundle sheath cells. In the bundle sheath cells, the four-carbon compounds are decarboxylated to produce \(CO_{2}\), pyruvate, and NADPH. The \(CO_{2}\) combines with ribulose bisphosphate and goes through the Calvin cycle. The pyruvate re-enters the mesophyll cells and is converted back to PEP. Benefits of the C4 cycle The C4 cycle allows plants to fix \(CO_{2}\) efficiently, even when \(CO_{2}\) concentrations are low. C4 plants can perform photosynthesis at a higher rate, even when their stomata are nearly closed. C4 plants can survive in high temperatures and high light intensity areas. C4 plants can grow in saline soils.

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