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Book Information Technology Class - IX
Topic Fundamental of Computer Session - 2
Hardware
Hardware refers to all the physical components of a computer. It includes all input
devices, processing devices, storage devices, and output devices. The keyboard, mouse,
motherboard, monitor, hard disk, cables, and printer are all examples of hardware.
You use hardware to provide input to a computer and also to get the desired output. For
example, when you play a musical instrument, such as a piano, you provide input by
pressing the keys and get the desired output in the form of music. Similarly, computers
also need input and output devices to perform tasks. Apart from input and output devices,
a computer uses processing devices to work on the input data and generate the desired
output. The most important processing device is the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
The CPU is the brain of the computer. It processes the input to perform calculations and
produce output.
A motherboard is a large circuit board that connects input, output, and processing devices.
The motherboard circuits provide pathways that allow data to pass through these various
components. It also contains chips that determine how, when, and where data can flow
through the computer. Depending on the task that you want your computer to perform,
you can choose the appropriate hardware. You can also use expansion cards, such as video
cards, to add new features or enhance the performance of your computer. All of these
devices are plugged into the motherboard.
Operating System
In addition to hardware, a computer needs software to function. Software sends instructions
to the hardware to perform the necessary tasks. The most important software on the
computer is the operating system, which controls and manages the hardware connected to
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Information Technology – Class IX
your computer. The operating system provides an interface that helps you to interact with
the computer. Some examples of the operating systems is Windows, Linux, Android.A
user interface can be either text-based or graphics-based. Most operating systems provide
a graphical user interface (GUI), which displays images and pictures that allow you to
interact with a computer easily.
Programs and Data
The hardware and the operating system together are referred to as a platform. Programs, also
called applications, use this platform to perform tasks. There are many types of programs.
Some programs allow you to perform tasks such as writing letters, doing calculations, or
sending e-mail messages. For example, a word processor, such as Microsoft Office Word
2007, is a program that helps you create a letter. Other programs allow you to create
illustrations, play games, watch movies, or communicate with other computer users.
Programs process data that you provide as input to your computer. This data can be in the
form of text, graphics, audio, or video depending on the type of program. For example,
Calculator is a program that requires input in the form of numbers. Similarly, Sound
Recorder is a program that requires input in the form of audio. When the program receives
the data, it processes the data and displays the output on the screen. You can save this
output in a file. Depending on the type of data that a file contains, the file is classified as
an audio file, a text file, a graphics file, or a video file.
Networks
Consider a scenario where an organization has 10 employees.
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Fundamental 3:23
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