2 - Mongols Attack Anatolia
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After establishing close ties with the Sultan, Ertuğrul Gazi was able to migrate first to the Ankara region and then to Söğüt. Ertuğrul Gazi also served as a Seljuk frontiersman. Indeed, Sultan Alaaddin Keykubad died of poisoning in 1237. Alaaddin Keykubad's death marked the beginning of the end for the Seljuks. His successor, Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev, failed to govern the state effectively and was defeated by the Mongols at Kösedağ in 1243, crushing the Seljuk lands under Mongol attack. In 1256, he was forced to submit to the Ilkhanate, a Mongol entity. Although the Karamanids launched the first rebellions against the Mongols during this period, they failed to achieve significant results.