Gus-Khrustalny - Kingdom of Crystal Diamonds
Dear friends,
In the first golden autumn days of September 2023, we decided to take a short trip from the series: "Weekend Trips" along the route: Moscow - Arzamas - Spring of Seraphim of Sarov - Diveyevo - Murom - Gus-Khrustalny - Moscow.
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I present to your attention the final film from this trip - about the glass and crystal "Kingdom" of Russia - the city of Gus-Khrustalny.
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Gus-Khrustalny (until 1926 - Gus-Maltsevsky) is a city (since 1931) in Russia, the administrative center of the Gus-Khrustalny municipal district (not part of the district) and the urban district of the city of Gus-Khrustalny, Vladimir region.
Located in Meshchera, on the Gus River, 51 km south of Vladimir.
Population - over 50 thousand people.
The name of the city's residents is Gusevchane (plural), Gusevchanka (singular, feminine), Gusevchanin (singular, masculine). The local press also uses the self-designation of the residents "gusevets", "gusevtsy".
The settlement (Gusskaya volost) is mentioned in documents of the 17th century. In 1756, the merchants Maltsov in the Shivorovo tract on the Gus River began construction of a glass manufactory, which gave rise to the famous name - Gus Crystal Factory and the name of the city "Gus-Khrustalny". The construction was caused by the need to move enterprises from the Moscow region, where the government banned glass factories due to deforestation. In particular, craftsmen from near Mozhaisk were transported to Gus. In 1759, Akim Maltsov launched a second plant - Nikulinsky, which consisted of two workshops (gut). After Akim's death, his widow Maria Vasilievna took over. During her 20 years of management, Maria Maltsova founded four more glass factories and one cement factory. According to her will, Maltsova transferred all glass production to her youngest son Ivan, giving only monetary compensation to her eldest son, Sergei. A few years later, Sergei Maltsov bought all the Gus enterprises from his younger brother and founded new factories nearby. In 1823, after the death of Sergei Maltsov, the "Maltsov glass district", which united factories in the Vladimir, Ryazan, Oryol, Kaluga and Smolensk provinces, was united again under the leadership of his son Ivan Sergeevich Maltsov. In 1831, Ivan Maltsov, who returned from abroad, came to Gus and took up factory affairs. Under him, the Gus crystal factory was reborn. Maltsov, who often traveled abroad, began to implement technical innovations that appeared in Europe at his enterprises. He also borrowed innovations from other Russian glass factories that were in demand on the market. At the suggestion of craftsmen, a "sample chamber" was created under Maltsov, where the products that were the most beautiful and complex in their design were stored. Soon the Gus plant was transferred to the production of expensive crystal glassware. Now the plant could rightfully be called a crystal plant. The best glass masters were transferred here from other factories. In Gus, they made popular products from simple and colored glass with floral painting and gilding. Crystal products were famous for their diamond (brilliant) cut, decorated with engraving. Vases were produced from two- and three-layer crystal with etching. At the II All-Russian Exhibition of Manufactured Products, held in 1831 in Moscow, Gus crystal was awarded a "small gold medal". Two years later, Gus products won a "large gold medal" at the St. Petersburg exhibition. Two years later, Maltsov products entered the world market.
Soon, the Gus plant mastered the technology of manufacturing Bohemian products.
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