The Sublime American Revolution (Video Lesson Doc.)
Reasons for Independence
The United States independence movement was motivated by discontent with the increasing exploitation of the colony by the metropolis. The Thirteen Colonies were established with a high degree of autonomy – unlike the Spanish and Portuguese colonies – and, from the 18th century onwards, English attempts to reduce this autonomy generated dissatisfaction.
During the 17th century, England was involved in a series of conflicts, both in Europe and North America, which affected its finances. Of these conflicts, the most important was the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), which pitted the English against the French. At the end of this war, England emerged victorious, but heavily indebted.
The English victory in the Seven Years' War allowed them access to a large amount of land in the west, which was of interest to the colonists. However, the English Crown prohibited the occupation of these lands to avoid conflicts with indigenous nations, displeasing the colonists. America.
With its involvement in these wars, England found itself indebted, and the colony came to be seen as a way to achieve economic recovery. This led to England enacting various taxes aimed at increasing revenue. These taxes and laws also intended to impose control over the colony's economy to make it more dependent on the metropolis.
This need to control the economy of the Thirteen Colonies and make it dependent on English goods was a consequence of the metropolis's industrial development, which occurred with the Industrial Revolution. The increased metropolitan control over the colony led England to enact numerous laws that were quite unpopular in America.
"Firstly, the Stamp Act of 1765 stands out, decreeing that any document printed in the colony would only be considered valid upon receiving an English stamp. This decree provoked many protests in America, leading the British to repeal the law the following year.
The spark that ignited the independence movement was the Tea Act, which granted a monopoly on tea sales in America to the East India Company. This displeased the local elites and caused a small revolt known as the Boston Tea Party, in which colonists invaded Boston Harbor and threw over 300 chests of tea into the sea.
The colonists' demonstration of rebellion was met with strong repression from the colony, which responded by occupying the Massachusetts colony, imposing a ban on meetings in that city, and demanding payment for the damages from the colonists. These measures became known as the Intolerable Acts.
Following the Intolerable Acts, the colonial elite met at the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia, where representatives..." The colonies, with the exception of Georgia, drafted a document for King George III of England protesting the imposed measures but reaffirming their loyalty to the English king. The metropolis's response was further repression, with an increase in the number of soldiers stationed in the colony.
This resulted in the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia, where the colonial elite met again and concluded that it was no longer possible to remain under English rule in view of the metropolis's disregard for colonial interests. Thus, the Declaration of Independence was drafted and issued on July 4, 1776.
The independence process of the English colonies led to an armed conflict with England, which sought to secure its dominance over the colony. The American Revolutionary War lasted until 1781, culminating in a battle at Yorktown.
With the end of the war, the English signed the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
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