We start by introducing monads simply, in a way functional programmers can understand. We use the maybe monad as an example. We describe Kleisli categories, monoids in monoidal categories and why a monads is a monoid in the category of endofunctors. We describe how monads relate to adjunctions, algebras and the Eilenberg Moore category. We also describe action monads, probability monads, and a connection between graphs, categories and monads. For more about probability monads check out Section 2.1 of https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.01631
More about the connection between categories and graphs can be found in http://eugeniacheng.com/wp-content/up...
Also, see my previous video
• Category Theory For Beginners: Cooking, Mo...
for more background on monoidal categories