CN 12: Hypoglossal Nerve (EASY Scheme + Animation)
Content:
0:00 Introduction
00:33 Hypoglossal Nerve Scheme
02:58 Nucleus of Hypoglossal Nerve
03:31 Course of Hypoglossal Nerve
04:01 Branches of Hypoglossal Nerve
05:25 Cervical Plexus
06:24 Recap
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Pure motor nerve, responsible for controlling the movement of the tongue.
It plays a crucial role in tongue mobility and articulation, making it essential for speech and swallowing.
Nucleus:
Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve (nucleus nervi hypoglossi) – a somatomotor nucleus
Course:
1. leaves the cranial cavity via the hypoglossal canal
2. passes between the internal jugular vein and the internal carotid artery
3. forms an arch in the carotid triangle and continues into the submandibular triangle
4. enters the root of the tongue where it gives off its terminal branches
Branches:
Lingual branches (rami linguales) – innervate the muscles of the tongue, except for the palatoglossus (n. X)
Association with the Cervical Plexus:
Motor fibres of the ventral branches of the 1st and 2nd cervical spinal nerves join the hypoglossal nerve. Some of those fibres leave the XII nerve via superior root to join the inferior root and form ansa cervicalis (plexus cervicalis). The other part of those fibres travel via the hypoglossal nerve to supply geniohyoideus muscle and give off a meningeal branch for the dura mater in the inferior part of posterior cranial fossa
Sources:
Singh, I. (2017). Human neuroanatomy (10th ed.).
Kozlowski, T. (2017). Memorix Anatomy: The Complete Study Guide. 2nd ed. Thieme Medical Publishers.
University lectures and notes
Programs:
Complete Anatomy: https://3d4medical.com/
Biorender: https://www.biorender.com/
PowerPoint
Camtasia 2023
Pictures and Visuals used under licenced permission