Raising the hands during prayer is recommended in four places: during the opening takbir; before bowing; after bowing, while straightening up; and when rising after the first "Tashahhud" [Fath al-Mu'in, p. 96].
The Sunnah method of raising the hands is as follows:
Raise your hands so that your fingertips are level with your ears, your thumbs are level with your earlobes, and your hands are level with your shoulders (wrists opposite your shoulders). Your palms should be bare, facing the Qibla, with your fingers slightly apart. [According to Ibn Hajar, pointing your fingertips toward the Qibla is not recommended, but Imam Ramli considers it recommended [I'anatu al-Talibin, 157/1; Manhaj al-Qavim, p. 186; Nihayat al-Muhtaj, 541/1]].
The basis for this is the authentic hadith of Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him:
"Indeed, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "When he greets, when he begins to pray, he raises his hands to shoulder level" [Muslim 859, Abu Dawud 721, at-Tirmidhi 255].
The phrase "to shoulder level" cited in the hadith refers to the aforementioned variant. Imam an-Nawawi writes about this in his sharh on Sahih Muslim:
"Regarding raising the hands in prayer, the authentic word of Imam Shafi'i and the majority of scholars is that the worshipper raises his hands to shoulder level so that the fingertips are opposite the tops of the ears, the thumbs opposite the earlobes, and the palms are at shoulder level (the wrists are at shoulder level). This is the meaning of the expression "at shoulder level." With this method, Imam Shafi'i combined all the versions of the hadith regarding raising the hands in prayer, and the people accepted it."
A similar statement is also found in the book "Fath-ul-Bari," 287/1.
Imam Nawawi writes in another book, "Rawzatu-t-Talibin":
"Raising the hands during the opening takbir is a recommended action. The strong opinion is that the hands should be raised so that the fingertips are level with the ears, the thumbs are level with the earlobes, and the hands are level with the shoulders. This is the meaning of the saying of Imam Shafi'i and his followers, 'They are raised to the level of the shoulders.'" [An-Nawawi also writes the same thing in his book "al-Mazhmu'" 3/264.]
Similar things are written in other books of the Shafi'i madhhab [such as "Tuhfatul Muhtaj," "Nihayat-ul Muhtaj," "al-Bujayrami," "Fath-ul-Allam," "Fath-ul-Mu'in," "Mughn-il Muhtaj," and "I'anatu-t-Talibin"].
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