Georeferencing means that the internal coordinate system of a raster image, like a digital map or aerial photo, can be related to a ground system of geographic coordinates. Thus, we can make it appear "in place" in GIS.
We'll use an archaeological map of the area around Xanten, with the Roman base camps Vetera I and ||, and the Roman city of Colonia Ulpia Traiana, so we can work with its geographical data.
Vetera.png
Von Ziegelbrenner - Harald von Petrikovits: Die Legionsfestung Vetera II. In: Bonner Jahrbücher 159, 1959, S. 91; Martin Müller, Hans-Joachim Schalles, Norbert Zieling (Hrsg.): Colonia Ulpia Traiana. Xanten und sein Umland in römischer Zeit. Zabern, Mainz 2008, ISBN 978-3-8053-3953-7; openstreetmap.org [1], CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...