In 1981, Roger Fisher, a professor and expert in conflict resolution, published a bold and unsettling idea in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. His proposal was designed to change how we think about nuclear deterrence and the terrifying ease with which world leaders could make decisions that would end millions of lives.
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Fisher's radical suggestion was this: instead of accessing launch codes through a secure system, the President of the United States should have to kill a volunteer to retrieve them. A real person—standing next to the President, with a capsule containing the codes implanted near their heart.
Imagine this: The President is on the verge of launching a nuclear strike. He’s prepared to destroy cities, knowing millions will die. But before he can do so, he has to take a butcher knife and kill the volunteer—someone who has willingly agreed to carry the burden of that decision.
In Fisher’s words: "The President says, 'George, I’m sorry, but tens of millions must die.' He has to look at someone and realize what death is—what an innocent death is. Blood on the White House carpet. It’s reality brought home."
This wasn’t just an abstract thought experiment. It was a deliberate attempt to bring the horror of war to the forefront of decision-making—to make the President understand, in the most personal way possible, the true cost of war. When Fisher proposed this idea to Pentagon officials, they were horrified, saying, "My God, that's terrible. Having to kill someone would distort the President's judgment. He might never push the button."
And maybe, that was exactly the point.