LINUX DIRECTORY STRUCTURE
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Types of files in the Linux system.
General Files – It is also called ordinary files. It may be an image, video, program, or simple text file. These types of files can be in ASCII or Binary format. It is the most commonly used file in the Linux system.
Directory Files – These types of files are a warehouse for other file types. It may be a directory file within a directory (subdirectory).
Device Files – In a Windows-like operating system, devices like CD-ROM, and hard drives are represented as drive letters like F: G: H whereas in the Linux system devices are represented as files. As for example, /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, and so on.
/bin binary or executable programs.
/etc system configuration files.
/home home directory. It is the default current directory.
/opt optional or third-party software.
/tmp temporary space, typically cleared on reboot.
/usr User related programs.
/var log files.
/boot
It contains all the boot-related information files and folders such as conf, grub, etc.
/dev
It is the location of the device files such as dev/sda1, dev/sda2, etc.
/lib
It contains kernel modules and a shared library.
/lost+found
It is used to find recovered bits of corrupted files.
/media
It contains subdirectories where removal media devices are inserted.
/mnt
It contains temporary mount directories for mounting the file system.
/proc
It is a virtual and pseudo-file system to contains info about the running processes with a specific process ID or PID.
/run
It stores volatile runtime data.
/sbin
binary executable programs for an administrator.
/srv
It contains server-specific and server-related files.
/sys
It is a virtual file system for modern Linux distributions to store and allows modification of the devices connected to the system.
/etc/bashrc It is used by bash shell that contains system defaults and aliases.
/etc/crontab A shell script to run specified commands on a predefined time interval.
/etc/exports It contains information on the file system available on the network.
/etc/fstab Information of the Disk Drive and their mount point.
/etc/group It is a text file to define Information of Security Group.
/etc/grub.conf It is the grub bootloader configuration file.
/etc/init.d Service startup Script.
/etc/lilo.conf It contains lilo bootloader configuration file.
/etc/hosts Information of IP and corresponding hostnames
/etc/hosts.allow It contains a list of hosts allowed accessing services on the local machine.
/etc/host.deny List of hosts denied accessing services on the local machine.
/etc/inittab INIT process and their interaction at the various run levels.
/etc/issue Allows editing the pre-login message.
/etc/modules.conf It contains the configuration files for the system modules.
/etc/motd It contains the message of the day.
/etc/mtab Currently mounted blocks information.
/etc/passwd It contains username, password of the system, users in a shadow file.
/etc/printcap It contains printer Information.
/etc/profile Bash shell defaults.
/etc/profile.d It contains other scripts like application scripts, executed after login.
/etc/rc.d It avoids script duplication.
/etc/rc.d/init.d Run Level Initialisation Script.
/etc/resolv.conf DNS being used by System.
/etc/security It contains the name of terminals where root login is possible.
/etc/skel Script that initiates new user home directory.
/etc/termcap An ASCII file that defines the behavior of different types of the terminal.
/etc/X11 Directory tree contains all the conf files for the X-window System.
source : https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/linux-d...