This old house was built originally without sheathing, or tar paper "felt" or other protection under the clapboard siding from water. This is typical of many old houses. Even worse, when a modern deck was built against the house, no flashing at all was used. Inevitably, water got inside the wall cavity and rotted out the sills and some posts or studs. Since the budget was very limited, I made the repairs as inexpensively as I could while still maintaining the safety of the structure. Fortunately in this case the walls did not drop under the load and jacking up the structure was not necessary.