20 years ago AMD released the 1st 64-bit x86 CPU and changed computer history forever!
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0:00 Introduction
10:00 x86
20:00 Q&A
The first AMD64-based processor, the Opteron "Sledgehammer", was
released in April 2003.
AMD64 (also variously referred to by AMD in their literature and
documentation as “AMD 64-bit Technology” and “AMD x86-64
Architecture”) was created as an alternative to the radically
different IA-64 architecture designed by Intel and Hewlett-Packard,
which was backward-incompatible with IA-32, the 32-bit version of the
x86 architecture. AMD originally announced AMD64 in 1999[14] with a
full specification available in August 2000
AMD's processors implementing the AMD64 architecture include Opteron,
Athlon 64, Athlon 64 X2, Athlon 64 FX, Athlon II (followed by "X2",
"X3", or "X4" to indicate the number of cores, and XLT models),
In 1991, MIPS Technologies, the company responsible for the first RISC
architecture the R4000, produced the first commercially available 64-bit
processor. The processor was initially used in SGI graphics
workstations which ran a 64-bit version of the IRIX operating system.
DEC Alpha EV4 21064 1992 100–200 MHz 0.75µm
Motorola Inc and IBM Corp yesterday announced that the first 64-bit
PowerPC processor – the 620 – has hit first silicon. It is expected to
begin general sampling in the second quarter of 1995 with general
availability set for the second half of 1995. The chip will initially
ship running at 133MHz and the pair have taken the unusual step of
specifying a maximum clock-speed design point: 150MHz
SPARC V9, released in 1993, introduced a 64-bit architecture and was
first released in Sun's UltraSPARC processors in 1995.
HPPA ISA was extended in 1996 to 64 bits, with this revision named
PA-RISC 2.0.
The Itanium architecture originated at Hewlett-Packard (HP), and was
later jointly developed by HP and Intel. Launched in June 2001, Intel
initially marketed the processors for enterprise servers and
high-performance computing systems. In the concept phase, engineers
said "we could run circles around PowerPC, that we could kill the
x86." IA-64 used 128 bit Instructions bundles of 3.
The first Pentium 4-branded processor to implement 64-bit were
allegedly the Prescott (90 nm) (February 2004), frorm their top secret
Yamhill project, but this feature was not enabled.
The first official Intel where "Nocona" Xeon processors launched in
June 2004
Intel subsequently began selling 64-bit Pentium 4s using the "E0"
revision of the Prescotts, being sold on the OEM market as the Pentium
4, model F. The E0 revision also adds eXecute Disable (XD) (Intel's
name for the NX bit) to Intel 64. Intel's official launch of Intel 64
(under the name EM64T at that time) in mainstream desktop processors
was the N0 stepping Prescott-2M by the first quarter of 2005.