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Ruby on Rails, often simply called Rails, is a web application framework written in the Ruby programming language. To understand it better, it's helpful to break down the two components: Ruby and Rails.
Ruby: Ruby is a high-level, interpreted programming language. It was designed to be easy to read and write. Ruby emphasizes simplicity and productivity, with an elegant syntax that is natural to read and easy to write. The language supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.
Rails: Rails, on the other hand, is a server-side web application framework that is written in Ruby. It is designed to make programming web applications easier by making assumptions about what every developer needs to get started. It allows you to write less code while accomplishing more than many other languages and frameworks. Rails is known for its convention over configuration approach, which means that it assumes what every developer needs to get started. It also emphasizes the use of well-known software engineering patterns and principles, such as the model-view-controller (MVC) pattern, active record pattern, DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself), and RESTful design.
In summary, Ruby is the programming language, and Rails is a framework that helps in building web applications more efficiently using Ruby. Together, Ruby on Rails provides a powerful and productive way to build web applications.