Curriculum Development at Elementary and Secondary Level in Pakistan
Notes in the Description:
Introduction
Education plays a vital role in nation building.
Federal Ministry of Education is responsible for the
national cohesion, integration and preservation of the
ideological foundation of the states.
Responsibilities
Federal Ministry of Education is responsible in making of:
3. Curriculum
4. Syllabus
5. Planning
6. Policy
7. Education standards.
National Bureau of Curriculum and
Textbooks (NBTC)
Also known as curriculum wing.
Supervise curriculum and textbooks.
Approves and maintain curriculum standards from
the primary to the higher secondary levels
Provincial curriculum Centre
Every province has a provincial curriculum centre
To ensure provincial collaboration.
Involve in all activities falling within the purview of
the federation.
Each Province has its own Provincial Textbook Board
(PTTB)
PTTBs are responsible for:
4.Preparing
5.Publishing
6.Stocking
7.Distributing
8.Marketing school textbooks
Curriculum Design and
Development Process
Evolution of curriculum objectives.
Development of scheme of studies.
Development of syllabus of each subject.
Development of textbook, instructional material.
Approval of textual material.
Teacher training.
Federal curriculum wing
Provincial bureau of curriculum
Formation of provincial
curriculum
Preparation of
preliminary draft
National curriculum draft
Federal curriculum wing
Formation of national
curriculum committee
Developing Objectives
Objectives are derived from
Recommendation of the National Education Policy
National Level Seminars
Forums of research studies
Inter Board Committee of Chairmen
• NBCT prepares the draft of objectives.
• Circulated in provincial institutions responsible for
curriculum development.
• Objectives are finalized.
• Translated to the specific teaching objectives.
Factors considered in finalizing the
objectives
Be precise
Assist in the selection of teaching strategy
Produce a designated behavior pattern
Enables teachers to evaluate the quality and
effectiveness of learning.
The studies scheme
It is based on three key factors:
3. The national education policy
4. Market demand
5. Global issues
Task work in this area is undertaken with the
participation of:
• Provincial government
• Research organizations and experts
• Feedback of the IBCC
Development of syllabi
It is based on objectives and scheme of study.
Subject specific syllabi is prepared in consultation with:
• Subject expert
• Psychologist
• Serving teacher
Syllabi must satisfy the following
conditions:
Based on the needs of learner.
Take into account the existing knowledge and the
environmental experience of the learner.
The development level of the learner is considered
in the cognitive, effectiveness and psycho-motor
domain.
Content should be focused on attaining the
objectives.
Textbook Development
Punjab Text Book Board (PTBB) is responsible for the
development of the text-books according to the
approved syllabi.
How textbook is developed?
Establish a list of text book writers.
Invitation are sent to the writers to submit the
material within the syllabus parameter.
Selection is made on the basis of relevance of
material.
The selected material is transformed into a textbook.
Review the Approval
• National review committee comprises on five or six
members:
• At least one expert form the syllabus Formulation
Committee.
• Two subject experts.
• Two school teachers
Textbooks review parameter
The books truly reflects the curriculum.
It meets the objectives stated in the curriculum.
Book does not contain any material repugnant to
Islamic and Pakistani ideology.
In case of approval, textbook is sent for publishing
and distribution.
In case of objection, complaints are relayed with
revision recommendations.
Teacher Training
Teacher training for curriculum implementation is the
responsibility of the provincial government.
It is now stressed that each textbook must have a
teacher's guide.
In some cases assistance in the training of the masters
trainers is provided to provincial government.
Curriculum Development
Pitfalls
There are several obstacles affecting the quality and
effectiveness of curriculum development process in
Pakistan.
• Lack of subject area expert.
• Textbook often do not reflect the curriculum.
Pitfalls (cont.)
Lack of follow-up of actual curriculum
implementation in classroom practice.
Curriculum often different from the official
curriculum documentation
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