The Buddhist education system consisted of two tiers: elementary education and higher education.
Popular elementary education was religious and included worldly education up to the age of 12. Pupils received instruction in reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion.
The curriculum included grammar, Hetu Vidya (logic), Nyaya (science of reasoning), Adyatma Vidya (philosophy), Shilpa Sthan (arts and crafts), and Chikitsya Vidya (medicine).
Higher education was well-organized and carried out at Buddhist monasteries and universities. It was available only to those intending to become monks or nuns, emphasizing both theoretical and practical aspects.
Subjects included Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, theology, philosophy, metaphysics, logic, Sanskrit, Pali, astronomy, astrology, medicine, law, politics, administration, and Tantric philosophy.