Infectious diseases - Giardiasis - USMLE and IFOM
Giardiasis is an intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia, characterized clinically by symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, weight loss, and malabsorption. Risk factors for contracting giardiasis include consuming contaminated water or food, person-to-person contact in daycare centers or among family members, and exposure to infected animals. The infection is more prevalent in areas with inadequate sanitation and unsafe drinking water. Diagnosis typically involves the identification of Giardia cysts or trophozoites in stool samples through microscopic examination or the use of antigen detection tests. Treatment for giardiasis usually involves the administration of antiparasitic medications, such as metronidazole or tinidazole, which are effective in clearing the infection, alongside supportive care for hydration and symptom relief.
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