Therapeutic Exercise Intervention and its role in health and well being ch#1 // Dr Najid
Therapeutic exercise involves movement prescribed to correct impairments, restore muscular and skeletal function and/or maintain a state of well-being[1]. Therapeutic exercise is a type of physical activity used to treat or prevent injuries and improve functional outcomes. The scientific evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of exercise is indisputable, and the benefits of exercise far outweigh the risks in most adults. For most adults, an exercise program including aerobic, resistance, flexibility, and neuromotor exercise training is indispensable to improve and maintain physical fitness and health[2].
Therapeutic exercise a core skills upon which the profession of physiotherapy is based. How does exercise differ from physical activity? [3].
Physical activity refers to the contraction of skeletal muscle that produces bodily movement and requires energy.
Exercise is a physical activity that is planned and is performed with the goal of attaining or maintaining physical fitness. Physical fitness is a set of traits that allows an individual to perform physical activity[4].
Types of exercisesStrengthing exercise for old people .jpg
Therapeutic exercise may include:
aerobic and endurance conditioning and reconditioning
agility training;
body mechanics training;
I- Intensity: low, moderate or vigorous
T- Time: minutes per session for endurance exercise
T- Type: endurance, strength, flexibility or some combination[5]
Strength training.jpg
Endurance Exercises
The dose of exercise can be described using the so-called FITT factors, where FITT stands for Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type of activity[6].
Frequency (how often)
Exercise should be carried out 3-5 days a week.
Training three times a week produces significant training effects; however, training 5 days a week at a lower-intensity exercise may be more manageable for some people. Little additional benefit is seen with more than five training sessions a week, and the risk of injury is increased. Training twice a week does not produce increases in VO2max; however it may produce some functional changes and it is probably better than no exercise at all[3]. Moderate intensity aerobic exercise done at least 5 d ∙ wk or vigorous intensity aerobic exercise done at least 3 d ∙ wk or a weekly combination of 3–5 d ∙ wk of moderate and vigorous intensity exercise is recommended for most adults to achieve and maintain health/fitness benefits[7].
Intensity (how hard)
Intensity refers to the rate at which the activity is being performed or the magnitude of the effort required to perform an activity or exercise. It can be thought of "How hard a person works to do the activity".Intensity can be monitored by heart rate in most patients, although some patients may have pathology or be on drug treatment that affects their HR response to exercise in which case HR cannot be used to monitor exercise intensity. Exercise is categorized into three different intensity levels. These levels include low, moderate, and vigorous[3].
The overload principle of training states that exercise below a minimum intensity, or threshold will not challenge the body sufficiently to result in changes in physiologic parameters, including increased maximal volume of oxygen consumed per unit of time (VO2max)[7].
The Karvonen method, which takes into account resting can be used to calculate an individual's training HR band using the following calculation. A method of calculating the training heart rate, which is equivalent to a desired percentage VO2max. It involves adding a given percentage of the maximal heart rate reserve (maximal heart rate—resting heart rate) to the resting heart rate. The maximal heart rate is commonly assumed to be 220—age in years. Therefore, the following equation is used to calculate the training heart rate for a work rate equivalent 75% VO2max: training heart rate = 0.75 max HRR + resting HR; where max HRR is the maximum Heart Rate Reserve, and resting HR is resting Heart Rate. A target heart rate range for training is commonly set at values of between 50 and 85% of VO2max, i.e. 0.50 × max HRR + resting HR to 0.85 max HRR + resting HR[8].
Therapeutic exercise involves movement prescribed to correct impairments, restore muscular and skeletal function and/or maintain a state of well-being[1]. Therapeutic exercise is a type of physical activity used to treat or prevent injuries and improve functional outcomes. The scientific evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of exercise is indisputable, and the benefits of exercise far outweigh the risks in most adults. For most adults, an exercise program including aerobic, resistance, flexibility, and neuromotor exercise training is indispensable to improve and maintain physical fitness and health[2].
Therapeutic exercise a core skills upon which the profession of physiotherapy is based. How does exercise differ from physical activity? [3].
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