Why We need a Lightning protection system?
Why We need a Lightning protection system?
A lightning protection system is intended to shield a structure from damage as a result of lightning strikes by intercepting such strikes and safely passing their very high currents to ground. A lightning protection system includes a network of air terminals, bonding conductors, and ground electrodes designed to supply a low electric resistance path to ground for potential strikes.
Lightning protection systems are used to stop or reduce lightning strike damage to structures. Lightning protection systems mitigate the fire hazard that lightning strikes create to structures. A lightning protection system provides a low-impedance path for the lightning current to reduce the heating result of current flowing through flammable structural materials. If lightning travels through porous and water-saturated materials, these materials could literally explode. If their water content is flashed to steam by heat created from the high current. This is often why trees are often shattered by lightning strikes.
Because of the high energy and current levels related to lightning (currents will be in far more than 150,000 amps), and therefore the very fast rise time of a lightning strike, no protection system will guarantee absolute safety from lightning. Lightning current will divide to follow each conductive path to ground, and even the divided current will cause damage. Secondary “side-flashes” are often enough to ignite a fire, blow apart brick, stone, or concrete, or injure occupants inside a structure or building. However, the advantages of basic lightning protection systems are evident for more than a century.
Laboratory-scale measurements of the consequences of [any lightning investigation research] don’t scale to applications involving natural lightning. Field applications have primarily been derived from trial and error based on the best-intended laboratory analysis of an extremely complicated and variable phenomenon.
The components of a lightning protection system are air terminals (lightning rods or strike termination devices), bonding conductors, ground terminals (ground or “earthing” rods, plates, or mesh), and every one of the connectors and support to complete the system. The air terminals are usually organized at or along the higher points of a roof structure, and are electrically secured together by bonding conductors (called “down conductors” or “downleads”), that are connected by the most direct route to at least one or a lot of grounding or earthing terminals. Connections to earth electrodes should not solely have low resistance however should have low self-inductance.
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