ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM-SMART GRID-ROOFTOP PV-WIND TURBINE-BATTERY STORAGE-EVCS-DRAGONFLY ALGORITHM
DESIGN DETAILS
The increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) in today’s transport sector is gradually leading to the phasing out of petroleum-based vehicles. However, the rapid deployment of EVs largely depends on the coordinated and fast expansion of EV charging stations (EVCSs). The integration of EVCSs in the modern distribution network characterized by increased penetration of randomly distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind turbine (WT) and battery energy storage systems (BESS) i.e battery are challenging as they can lead to excessive power losses and voltage deviations beyond acceptable limits. The agglomeration of different but complementary energy generation systems based on RESs or mixed energy is known as a renewable energy hybrid system. Therefore, the resulting grid from this system is known as a microgrid (MG) due to its capacity compared to the main grid. This design addresses a multi-objective optimization technique to obtain optimal placement and sizing of PV, WT, BESS and c EVCS combination of all together. The problem is formulated to optimize real power losses, Average Voltage Deviation Index (AVDI), and Voltage Stability Index (VSI) of the electrical distribution system. By applying DFA, the design tested using Matlab software on two standard bus system 33 and 69.
OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
The objective function,F(k)=min{w_1 f_1 (k)+w_2 f_2 (k)+w_3 (1/(f_3 (k)))+}
where,
f_1 (k)=min∑_(i=1)^br▒〖R_i*I_i^2 〗 , Power Loss
f_2 (k)=1/b ∑_(k=1)^b▒|1-V_k |^2 , Average Voltage Deviation Index
f_3 (k)=[|V_k |^4-4(P_x x_jk+Q_k r_jk )^2-4(P_k r_jk+x_jk)|V_k |^2 ],Voltage Stability Index
Scenarios
1. Basecase
2. Optimal allocation of PV
3. Optimal allocation of WT
4. Optimal allocation of BESS
5. Optimal allocation of EVCS
6. Simultaneous allocation of PV, WT, BESS and EVCS
Matlab Simulation Results
1. Active Power Loss (kW)
2. Reactive Power Loss (kVAr)
3. Minimum and Maximum Voltage (PU) @ Bus
4. Optimal PV, WT, BESS and EVCS Location
5. Optimal PV, WT, BESS and EVCS Size
6. Execution Time
Matlab Simulation Figures
1. Voltage Profile
2. Active and Reactive Power Loss
3. Convergence graph
REFERENCES
Reference Paper-1: Optimal Placement of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in a Distribution Network with Randomly Distributed Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems
Author’s Name: Willy Stephen Tounsi Fokui, Michael J. Saulo, And Livingstone Ngoo
Source: IEEE
Year: 2021
Reference Paper-2: Energy Exchange Control in Multiple Microgrids with Transactive Energy Management
Author’s Name: Mohammadreza Daneshvar, Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo, Mehdi Abapour, and Somayeh Asadi
Source: IEEE
Year:2020
Reference Paper-3: Optimal placement and sizing of photovoltaics and battery storage in distribution networks
Author’s Name: Riad Chedid and Ahmad Sawwas
Source: Wiley
Year:2019
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