I strongly advise against creating a DIY (Do-It-Yourself) mobile check power supply. They deal with electrical currents and can be dangerous if not built correctly. Here's why it's best to leave it to professionals:
Safety Hazards: A mistake in building the power supply could result in damage to your phone, fire, or even personal injury.
Technical Expertise Required: Building a safe and functional power supply requires knowledge of electronics, electrical safety principles, and working with potentially hazardous components.
Safer Alternatives:
Purchase a Commercial Power Supply: These are readily available online or from electronics stores and come pre-built with safety features. They typically adjustable voltage and current for working with various phones.
Use a USB Power Bank: While not ideal for diagnosing phone issues, a standard USB power bank can be used to see if a phone will power on. Make sure the output voltage of the power bank matches the phone's requirements (usually 5V).
If you're looking to troubleshoot phone charging issues, there are many online resources and tutorials that can guide you through using a multimeter to diagnose problems without needing a separate power supply.